BabaylanThe research team of the source exploration project believes that around 5,800 years ago, there were signs of civilization origin in areas such as the Yellow River, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the Xiliao River. On the morning of the 28th, the State Information Office held a press conference to announce the research results of the “Chinese Civilization Source Exploration Project”. The source exploration research has empirized the 5,000-year-old civilization of the land of China through large-scale archaeological research conducted on many sites and rich archaeological data.
In 2001, the “Comprehensive Research on the Origin and Early Development of Chinese Civilization” project, referred to as the “Chinese Civilization Origin Exploration Project”, was officially proposed in 2001. During this period, large-scale archaeological excavations were carried out on many sites such as Liangzhu, Zhejiang, Taosi, Shanxi, and Shimao, Shaanxi, and empirical evidence of the 5,000-year civilization in China was empirized with rich archaeological data. Guan Qiang, Deputy Director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage: The research team of the Exploration Project believes that around 5,800 years ago, the Yellow River, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the Xiliao River showed signs of civilization origin; since 5,300 years ago, various regions in the Greater China have gradually entered the stage of civilization; around 3,800 years ago, the Central Plains region has formed a more mature form of civilization, radiating cultural influence to all directions, becoming the core and leader of the overall process of Chinese civilization.
The formation of a diversified and integrated pattern has achieved overall understanding
Another major achievement achieved by the Chinese Civilization Source Exploration Project is a general understanding of the formation of the diversified and integrated pattern of Chinese civilization, and has demonstrated the overall characteristics of Chinese civilization’s “diversity, inclusiveness, and continuousness”.
Guan Qiang: Research shows that local societies behind the phenomenon of diversified culture are in their respective environmental foundations and economy in their respective environmental foundations and economy in their own cultural origins and early development stages.There are also various differences in terms of contentment, social operation mechanism, religion and social consciousness, presenting a diverse pattern, and promoting each other, learning from each other’s strengths and weaknesses, and inclusiveness in long-term communication and interaction. Finally, Babaylan integrates and condenses the core of civilization represented by Erlitou culture, opening up the civilization of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. The origin and early development of Chinese civilization are a process of diversity and integration.
Chinese civilization itself develops and widely absorbs foreign civilizations
In terms of the influence of foreign civilizations, the research on the source believes that Chinese civilization has widely absorbed the influence of foreign civilizations in its own development. For example, wheat cultivation technology originated from West Asia, Central Asia and other regions, feeding of domestic animals such as scalpers and sheep, and bronze smelting technology have gradually been integrated into Chinese civilization and transformed to create a new look.
Looking for the beginning of China and writing a “family genealogy” for five thousand years
The “Chinese Civilization Source Exploration Project” is another major scientific research project that combines Chinese history and ancient culture supported by the state after the “Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties Project”. Since its formal proposal in 2001, four stages of research have been implemented, and the “China” before China has gradually become clear.
Focus on urban ruins. At that time, early countries had already begun to explore the source research, focusing on several urban ruins such as Liangzhu, Zhejiang, Taosi, Shanxi, and Shimao, Shaanxi.
A inner city built about 5,000 years ago, 1,800 meters long, 1,500 meters wide, nearly 3 million square meters, and an outer city with an area of 8 million square meters were discovered at the Liangzhu site in Zhejiang Province. In order to prevent flooding, large dams were built with a length of 3.5 kilometers, a width of more than ten meters and a height of several meters. Its engineering volume is second to none among the buildings of the same period in the world.
The Taosi site in Shanxi Province also discovered a giant city site built 4,300 years ago. The 2.8 million square meters of city already have strict functions such as palace areas, handicraft workshop areas, general residences and burial areas. href=”https://comicmov.com/”>Cinema District.
The total area of the ancient city in Shimao, Shaanxi is 4 million square meters. It is composed of the imperial city, the inner city and the outer city. The ancient city is built with stones on the hills. The walls of the imperial city are as high as 9 meters, and the gates of the outer city are majestic and tall castles.
The heads of the comprehensive research project for the origin and early development of Chinese civilization Wang Wei: Early civilizations have begun to appear in all regions, and its symbol is the emergence of royal power, large city sites, and high-level buildingsCinema, the so-called palaces and high-level tombs, are an important symbol of judging civilization. Ultimately, the emergence of a country, and the emergence of a country will have some material manifestations, such as large city sites and large projects.
Looking at the beginning of China The ancient country has exceeded a thousand years
Studying the origin of China. Research on origins has found that Chinese civilization is actually a huge clump of civilizations scattered in many local civilizations in the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Xiliao River Basin, and the size is far greater than that of several other ancient civilizations in the world. From about 5,800 years ago, the prehistoric society in the Yellow River Basin, the Yangtze River Basin and the Xiliao River area began to accelerate to complexity.
From the origin of Chinese civilization to about 3,800 years ago, for more than a thousand years, there are many statements about “the world is in all countries” in this period. The research on origin calls this stage the “Ancient Kingdom era” and believes that it is the first major stage of the early development of Chinese civilization.
Diver diversity: laying the foundation of the three dynasties and becoming a historical trend
In the past thousand years, various places have KomiksCivilizations have their own evolutionary methods and characteristics, one after another, one after another, one grows and one loses, and they exchange and compete with each other, learn from each other’s strengths and weaknesses, gradually showing a trend of “integration”. Komiks merged into a torrent of Chinese civilization. In the late ancient times, the Central Plains region represented by Erlitou, Henan, absorbed a large number of foreign advanced cultural factors, and at the same time began to radiate its powerful influence to the outside world, presenting an unprecedented dynasty atmosphere.
This process is called “the diversity and unity of Chinese civilization” in the research on origin. As a historical trend, it laid the foundation for the “three generations of civilizations” in the future of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, and also became a distant cause and source for the formation of multi-ethnic countries.
Wang Wei: We are all familiar with the 5,000-year-old Chinese civilization, but in fact, how much historical basis is there, whether it is true or mythical legend, is a very important issue for the Chinese nation. Our research has confirmed the civilizations over 5,000 years ago through archaeological discoveries and multidisciplinary combinations, which is also an important contribution to the research of world civilization.
Lingjiatan Ruins A “minimation” of the diverse and integrated civilization
Among the many sites that explore the origin and study, the Lingjiatan Ruins in Anhui were relatively early in the era. More than 5,000 years ago, Chinese civilization underwent major changes. Lingjiatan is located at one of the earliest nodes. Its jade making technology reached its peak at that time. A wide trench more than 2,000 meters long divided the living area and the tomb area, reflecting the “planning wisdom” of the ancestors.
The Lingjiatan site is located in Lingjiatan Natural Village, Tongzha Town, Hanshan County, Anhui Province. Since its excavation in 1987, a large number of exquisite jade, stone, pottery and other cultural relics have been unearthed, among which the jade is particularly prominent: a jade dragon unearthed is basically similar to the jade dragon after the Han Dynasty; 6 jade men, with serious facial expressions and solemnly raised their hands, as if they were praying; so far, the site has been released. A jade eagle from Komiks is also the only one in the country. It carved on both sides, with the front and back sides exactly the same, and the production process is very superb. These jade artifacts express the worship of gods, witches and totems of ancient ancestors.
As of more than 30 axes in the shape of an axe have been found, and jade and stone axes have been unearthedThere is often a large tomb, and the location is very special, located on the chest or face of the human body. Experts say that the axe is usually related to military power or royal power.
Lingjiatanzi Project Leader of the Comprehensive Research Project on the Origin and Early Development of Chinese Civilization Shuozhi: The craftsmanship of Lingjiatan Jade Artifacts has reached its peak at that time. It may be in the innovation period of the development of Chinese jade culture, so it has a lot of quantity and variety, unlike Liangzhu jade cong and wall href=”https://comicmov.com/”>Babaylan are exactly the same. The emergence of this highest peak is not for no reason, and there will definitely be huge changes in social organizations. Archaeological experts believe that the jade artifact with superb production technology requires a group of specialized jade workers who are separated from or semi-existed from agricultural labor, similar to handicrafts that are separated from agriculture, reflecting the major changes in society at that time. In recent years, archaeologists have conducted in-depth excavation and research on the 1.4 million square meters of Lingjiatan site. A trench more than 2,000 meters long has gradually appeared in front of today’s people, reflecting the “planning wisdom” that the ancestors of Lingjiatan had more than 5,300 years ago.
Shuozhi: It is twenty or thirty meters wide, and the deepest part can reach six or seven meters. Such a large project requires considerable organizational ability to coordinate. It also has a more important role. The aristocratic cemetery is outside the trench. Inside this trench is where people live at that time, it separates the living area of people at that time from the tomb.
Archaeological experts introduced that the heyday of Lingjiatan site was between 5,500 and 5,300 years ago. It was not conspicuous before this, and it was small settlements with the more than 20 surrounding sites known so far. After that, these settlements gradually disappeared or declined. Lingjiatan, which was relatively centrally located, eventually evolved into the largest and most developed regional center in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River at that time..
Shuozhi: It’s a bit like urbanization, everyone is gathered in a big center. If this change is seen in a small area, it is a process from dispersion to concentration, from diversity to integration. This seems to be the same in the formation of our entire Chinese civilization.
Source｜CCTV News
Editor｜Fan Meiling